Fig. 1
The ash-flow valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Katmai
Landform
The 1912 Novarupta ash-flow valley in Katmai: a sheet of welded tuff cut by pumice gorges.
Field note
The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes is in Katmai National Park and Preserve, which the National Park Service administers. The 1912 eruption of Novarupta sent an ash flow that filled the valley; the name came from the fumaroles that followed, most of them now cold. Knife Creek and other streams have cut pumice gorges. The road to the overlook begins at Brooks Camp and is not a public highway. This is the volcanic gap in the Alaska plates.
